Here is the editted version for the geog notes..enjoy!!

Negative impacts of HYV seeds
1. need to buy and increase the usage of HYV seed and inputs, like water and chemicals > becomes expansive as many people buys it > poor farmers have not enough money so they have to borrow > banks do not want to loan them the money because they are too poor and afraid that they will not be able to pay up their loan > so they turn to moneylenders > cannot repay moneylenders because of high interest and prices of rice drops due to green revolution as there is competition > becomes in debt > land gets taken away > loss of land > gets stuck in poverty cycle > go to cities in search of jobs > live in slums
2. mono-cultivation of HYV increase susceptibility of rice crops to pest > pests will affect crops > due to the small variety > more crops killed by pests > economy goes down

Pesticides
1. more pests killed > less damage to crops -> more output
2a. fish and mussels in padi fields die > less food for sale and consumption b. excess pesticides -> drained into rivers ->water pollution > marine ecosystem is affected negatively
3. illiterate farmers -> can’t take precautionary measures -> spray on windy days> may be killed if inhaled / sick -> 1. lower productivity -> less output 2. incur medical cost -> less money for the family
4. cost of production increase > poor farmers cant afford > borrow money from moneylenders that charge high interest > because of high interest and prices of rice drops due to green revolution as there is competition > becomes in debt > land gets taken away > loss of land > gets stuck in poverty cycle > go to cities in search of jobs > live in slums

5. demand for pesticides increase ->chemical industry boom > more job opportunities -> increase income -> higher standard of living
6. pests become more resistant > have to develop stronger pesticides > development of super pests
7. kill pest/insects that harm crops > less crops lost due to death of pests > higher yield per ha. > increase income >increase in SOL.

8. kill pest/insects that harm crops > more resistant pest > research in labs to produce more effective pestisides(cycle)


9. poisoned water in padi > need to buy pesticides >chemical industry has more jobs created > decrease in unemployment rates


>10. poisoned water in padi > fish in padi dies > farmer has one less source for income + less food to feed family(subsistence)

11. poisoned water in padi > flows into river > affects the eco-system and marine life > fishes become poisonous > less food for people + people die from poison + decrease in fishermen

12. buffaloes suffer from hooves & mouth diseases -> lower productivity ->lower income ->lower Standard of living


13. use of pesticides > uneducated farmers unable to carry out safety steps due to inability to read labels > leads to deaths/sickness/side-effects > 80% of deaths due to pesticides occur in developing countries (third-world)

14. toxic harvests > may harm consumers * minor point

Use of machinery
> growth in engineering industry > higher employment rate > higher income > higher standard of living
- more efficient > shorter time taken for harvest > start next harvest earlier > multiple cropping -> increase output >
a. increase money for investment for farming and expenses > systematic transport of water to plants
b. more income > higher standard of living
2. spend more money on machines > a. less money for others e.g daily necessities > lower standard of living
b. borrow money from moneylenders that charge high interest > because of high interest and prices of rice drops due to green revolution as there is competition > becomes in debt > land gets taken away > loss of land > gets stuck in poverty cycle > go to cities in search of jobs > live in slums
3. replace workers > less job opportunities > less income > go to city to find job -> can’t find job -> move to slums > more diseases spread > more deaths >
4. use of fuel for machinery > a. increase cost of production
b. emit harmful gases e.g carbon dioxide > air pollution > health deteriorates


Fertilisers
2. more fertilizers > higher demand for fertilizer producing companies -> increase in companies producing fertilizers > a. more jobs > higher income > higher SOL (individually)
b. more sale > higher income > country’s revenue increase > more money available for development (country)
4. excessive use of fertilizers > throughflow contaminated with fertilizers > enter water bodies > eutrophication > algae boom -> a. lower oxygen in river b. blocks out sunlight -> plants die a. & b -> fishes die
6. > farmers did not allow fallowing of land > soil mineral composition change -> calcification
Drainage system and irrigation
1. supply of water throughout the year
- water can be channelled to crops during dry seasons > double cropping-> more output ->higher income->higher standard of living
2. regulate and control the flow of water
3. Over-irrigate ->a. waterlogged -> loss of arable land
-> b. evaporation of water -> mineral salts from the river deposited -> too much -> infertile soil

isdiyanah =)